Wednesday, February 18, 2009

HTML Frameset- NAVARRA

We discuss about the HTML frame....


FRAMES
  • Each HTML document is called a frame, and each frame is independent of the others.
  • The disadvantages of using frames are:
    The Web developer must keep track HTML documents
    It is difficult to print the entire page.

The Frameset Tags are:

  • The tag defines how to divide the window into frames
  • Each frameset defines a set of rows or columns
  • The values of the rows/columns indicate the amount of screen area each row/column will occupy

Example is:




The Frame Tags are:

  • The tag defines what HTML document to put into each frame.
  • In the example below we have a frameset with two columns. The first column is set to 25% of the width of the browser window.
  • The second column is set to 75% of the width of the browser window.
  • The HTML document document “frame_a.htm” is put into the first column, and the HTML document “frame_b.htm” is put into the second column.

Example is:




Basic Notes - Useful Tips

  • If a frame has visible borders, the user can resize it by dragging the border. To prevent a user from doing this, you can add noresize=“noresize” to the tag.
  • Add the tag for browser that do not support frames.
  • You cannot use the tags together with the tags.
  • However, if you will add tag for browser that do not support frames, you will enclose the text in <body></body> tags. </span></span></li></ul><span style="font-size:85%;color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><p><span style="font-size:130%;color:#cc33cc;">FRAME TAGS</span></p><span style="font-size:130%;color:#cc33cc;"></span><p> <br /><frameset> ------ Defines a set of frames <br /> <br /><frame> ------ Defines a sub window (a frame) <br /> <br /><noframes> ----- Defines a noframe section for browsers that do not handle frames. <br /> <br /><iframe> ----- Defines an inline sub window (frame) </p><p> </p><p><strong><span style="font-size:130%;color:#cc33cc;">Frame and Tags Attributes</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-size:100%;color:#ff0000;"><em>Sample:</em></span></p><em><span style="font-size:100%;color:#ff0000;"></span></em><p> <br /> <span style="font-size:100%;color:#33ccff;"><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><html> <br /> <head> <title> Hello, World! </title> <br /> </head> <br /> <frameset cols=&#8220;150,150&#8221; frameborder=&#8220;YES&#8221; <br /> frame spacing=&#8220;5&#8221; bordercolor=&#8220;0099ff&#8221;> <br /> <frame name=&#8220;leftframe&#8221; scrolling=&#8220;NO&#8221; <br /> noresize src=&#8220;menu.html&#8221;> <br /> <frame name="&#8220;right" scr="&#8220;mainpage.html&#8221;"> <br /> </frameset> <br /> </html></span> <br /></span> <br /><span style="font-size:130%;color:#cc33cc;">Frameset Attribute Explained:</span></strong></span></p><ul><li><span style="font-size:100%;color:#33ccff;"><strong> </strong><span style="font-size:85%;color:#000000;">Cols=&#8220;150,150&#8221; &#8211; it tells the browser to create columns <vertical></span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;color:#33ccff;"><span style="font-size:85%;color:#000000;">Frameborder=No or Yes &#8211; defines whether to make the frameborder dividing the windows become visible or not. </span></span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;color:#33ccff;"><span style="font-size:85%;color:#000000;">border-=&#8220;n&#8221; &#8211; when the value for frameborder is YES, you can set the thickness of the border in pixels by entering a number to the value. </span></span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;color:#33ccff;"><span style="font-size:85%;color:#000000;">Framespacing=&#8220;n&#8221; &#8211; defines the spacing between the 2 framesets in the window. The expected value here is a number. </span></span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;color:#33ccff;"><span style="font-size:85%;color:#000000;">Bordercolor=&#8220;rrggbb&#8221; &#8211; applies color to the border when it is turned on. Replace &#8220;rrggbb&#8221; with hexadecimal color value. </span></span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;color:#33ccff;"><span style="font-size:85%;color:#000000;">Name=&#8220;anyname&#8221; &#8211; assigns a name to the frame on the left (if vertical) or top frame (if horizontal) in the frameset definition. </span></span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;color:#33ccff;"><span style="font-size:85%;color:#000000;"> Noresise &#8211; tells the browser to lock the border. </span></span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;color:#33ccff;"><span style="font-size:85%;color:#000000;">Scrolling=&#8220;YES or NO&#8221; &#8211; controls whether the scrollbar is turned on or not. The default is NO. When turned on, and if the page of the document is long, the scrollbar will become visible. </span></span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;color:#33ccff;"><span style="font-size:85%;color:#000000;">Scr=&#8220;file.html&#8221; &#8211; the document you&#8217;re calling to load in the window. SRC is short for source file. </span></span></li></ul><span style="font-size:100%;color:#33ccff;"><span style="font-size:85%;color:#000000;"><p> </p><p><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Another Example:</span></em></p><p> <frameset rows="12%,*,4%" border="0" bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> <br /><frame name="maskhead1" scrolling="no" src="header.htm" border="1" bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> <br /> <frameset cols="140,85%" bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> <br /> <frame name="contents" src="menu.html" scrolling="no" border="1" bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> <br /> <frame name="body" src="search3.html" id="main" scrolling="auto" bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> <br /> </frameset> <br /><frame name="below" scrolling="no" src="footer.html" bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> <br /></frameset> <br /> <br /></span>We also have an activity about this lesson...... it is so hard but fun..... We are spending almost 5 hours a day in the internet cafe just to finish the activity.... isn`t in fun???????? <br /> <br /></p></span><p> <br /> <br /></span></span> <br /></span> <br /></span> <br /> <br /></p> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>jjajjajjazz</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/02/html-frameset-navarra.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/02/html-frameset-navarra.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2009-02-18T23:31:00-08:00'>11:31&#8239;PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4264704831170127726/8084561201214569900' onclick=''> No comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-375560760'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4264704831170127726&postID=8084561201214569900&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Wednesday, February 11, 2009</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='4264704831170127726' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='8760066054172042275' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='8760066054172042275'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/02/learnings-of-week-paraiso_8999.html'>What is an HTML File? - Joannacel A. Paraiso</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-8760066054172042275' itemprop='description articleBody'> <div align="center"> <span style="color: #6600cc; font-size: 180%;"><strong>HTML</strong></span></div> <div align="left"> </div> <div align="left"> <span style="font-size: 130%;"><br /><span style="color: #ff99ff;">What is an HTML File?</span></span></div> <ul> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page. </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor. </span></div> </li> </ul> <div align="left"> <br /><span style="color: #ff99ff;">HTM or HTML Extension?</span></div> <ul> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ffccff;"><span style="color: #ccccff;">When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension. We have used .htm in our examples. It might be a bad habit inherited from the past when some of the commonly used software only allowed three letters extensions.</span> </span></div> </li> </ul> <div align="left"> <br /><span style="color: #ff99ff;">HTML Elements:</span></div> <ul> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">HTML documents are text files made up of HTML elements. </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">HTML elements are defined using HTML tags. </span></div> </li> </ul> <div align="left"> <br /><span style="color: #ff99ff;">HTML Tags</span></div> <ul> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters and </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">The surroundings characters are called angle brackets </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">HTML tags normally come in pairs like b and b </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">The text between the start and end tags is the element content. </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">HTML tags are not case sensitive, b means the same as B</span> </div> </li> </ul> <div align="left"> <br /><span style="color: #ff99ff;">Why do we Use Lowercase Tags ?</span></div> <ul> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">HTML tags are not case sensitive:B means the same as b. </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">When you surf the Web, you will notice that most tutorials use uppercase HTML tags in their examples. </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">Why we always use lowercase tags? </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">If you want to prepare yourself for the next generations of HTML, you should start using lowercase tags. </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">The World Wide Web Consortium(W3C) recommends lowercase tags in their HTML 4 recommendation, and XHTML (the next generation HTML) demands lowercase tags. </span></div> </li> </ul> <div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;"><br /></span><span style="color: #ff99ff;">Tag Attributes</span> </div> <ul> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">Tag attributes can provide additional information about the HTML elements in your page. </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">This tag defines the body of your HTML page:body.With an added bgcolor attribute, you can tell the browser that the background color of your page should be red, like this: body bgcolor &#8220;red&#8221;. </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">This tag defines an HTML table:table. With an added border attribute, you can tell the browser that the table should have no borders: <br /><table border="&#8220;0&#8221;"></table> </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">Attributes always come in name/value pairs like this: name &#8220;value&#8221;. </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">Attributes are always added to the start tag of an HTML element. </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">Attributes values should always be enclosed in quotes. </span></div> </li> <ul></ul> <div align="left"> <br /><span style="color: #ff99ff;">Basic HTML Tags</span></div> <blockquote> </blockquote> <ul> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">The most important tags in HTML are tags that define headings, paragraphs and line breaks.</span> </div> </li> </ul> <div align="left"> <br /><span style="color: #ff99ff;">Comments in HTML</span></div> <ul> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the HTML source code. A comment will be ignored by the browser. </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">You can use comments to explain your code, which can help you when you edit the source code at a later date. </span></div> </li> <li><div align="left"> <span style="color: #ccccff;">Note that you need an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.</span></div> </li> </ul> <div align="left"> <br /><br /></div> </ul> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>jjajjajjazz</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/02/learnings-of-week-paraiso_8999.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/02/learnings-of-week-paraiso_8999.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2009-02-11T23:32:00-08:00'>11:32&#8239;PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4264704831170127726/8760066054172042275' onclick=''> No comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-375560760'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4264704831170127726&postID=8760066054172042275&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/search/label/HTML' rel='tag'>HTML</a>, <a href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/search/label/HTML%20Extension' rel='tag'>HTML Extension</a>, <a href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/search/label/What%20is%20an%20HTML%20File' rel='tag'>What is an HTML File</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Friday, January 23, 2009</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='4264704831170127726' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='1611746601710946996' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='1611746601710946996'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/learnings-of-week-navarra.html'>Learnings of the week-Navarra</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-1611746601710946996' itemprop='description articleBody'> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">ARRAYS<br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><br /><br /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Single &#8211; Dimensional Arrays </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">l<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Array is a collection of variables of the same data type that is referenced by a common name. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">l<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">#include<stdio.h></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">main()</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">{</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style=""> </span>int array[4]={25,5,7,11,163};</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">clrscr();</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">printf(&#8220;%d %d %d %d %d&#8221;, array[0], array[1], array[2],array[3],array[4]);</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">getch();</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">} </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i style="">Parts of the array are:<o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><b>Array[0] = 25<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">&#183;<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Array name<span style=""> </span>- Array<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">&#183;<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Subscript or index<span style=""> </span>- [0]<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">&#183;<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Array element<span style=""> </span>- 25<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Array declaration</b><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">l<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">The general form for any declaration is as follows: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><span style=""> </span><b>type array_name[size];<o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="">Where:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b>type</b><span style=""> is any valid data type in Turbo C which<span style=""> </span>declares the type of values that array will hold. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><b>array_name</b> is a valid variable name which will name the array.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><b>size </b>defines how many elements the array will hold.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">l<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">The two declarations for arrays number and answer can be combined into a single declaration:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b>int number[100] , answer [25]; <o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Array Initialization</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">l<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Arrays can give initial values during the declaration. This is called array initialization..</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span>int Array1[5]={25, 5, 7, 11, 163};</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in;"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <br /><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"></span></div></div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>jjajjajjazz</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/learnings-of-week-navarra.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/learnings-of-week-navarra.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2009-01-23T20:49:00-08:00'>8:49&#8239;PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4264704831170127726/1611746601710946996' onclick=''> No comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-375560760'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4264704831170127726&postID=1611746601710946996&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Tuesday, January 20, 2009</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='4264704831170127726' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='3805591982491341772' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='3805591982491341772'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/learnings-of-week-mn-sison_20.html'>LEARNINGS OF THE WEEK (M.N. SISON)</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-3805591982491341772' itemprop='description articleBody'> <p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"> </p:colorscheme> <div style="text-align: center;" shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"><span style="font-size: 36pt;"><b>"ARRAYS"<span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></b></span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"></p:colorscheme><span style="font-weight: bold;">SINGLE DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS<br /><br /></span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"> </p:colorscheme> <div shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"> <div style="text-align: justify;"><nobr><span style="font-size: 78%;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -4.72%; text-align: left; top: 0.3em; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 75%;">l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Array is a collection of variables of the same data type that is referenced by a common name. </span></nobr></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><nobr><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></nobr></div> </div> <br /><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"></p:colorscheme><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"> </p:colorscheme> <div shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"> <div> </div> <p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"> </p:colorscheme> <div shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <div style="font-style: italic; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">#include<stdio.h> </span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <div style="font-style: italic; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">main() </span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <div style="font-style: italic; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">{ </span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <div style="font-style: italic; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style=""> </span>int array[4]={25,5,7,11,163}; </span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <div style="font-style: italic; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">clrscr(); </span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <div style="font-style: italic; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">printf(&#8220;%d %d %d %d %d&#8221;, array[0], array[1], array[2],array[3],array[4]); </span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <div style="font-style: italic; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">getch(); </span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <div style=""> <div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-style: italic;">}<br /><br /></span></span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"> </p:colorscheme> <div style="text-align: center;" shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"><b>Array declaration<br /></b></span> <div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"></span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"> </p:colorscheme> <div shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div style="text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="text-align: center;" class="O"><span style="font-size: 78%;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -4.32%; top: 0.3em; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 75%;">l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The general form for any declaration is as follows: </span></div> <div class="O1" style=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="width: 17.34%;"> </span><span style=""> </span> </span></div> <div class="O1" style=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="width: 28.91%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><b>type array_name[size]; </b></span></div> <div class="O1" style=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />Where: </span></div> <div class="O1" style=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><b><span style="width: 3.18%;"> </span>type</b></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> is any valid data type in Turbo C which<span style=""> </span>declares the type of values that array will hold. </span></div> <div class="O1" style=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div> <div class="O1" style=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="width: 3.61%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><b>array_name</b></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> is a valid variable name which will name the array. </span></div> <div class="O1" style=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div> <div class="O1" style=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="width: 3.61%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><b>size </b></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">defines how many elements the array will hold.<br /><br /></span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"> </p:colorscheme> <div shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div class="O" style="text-align: justify;"><nobr><span style="font-size: 78%;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -4.66%; text-align: left; top: 0.3em; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 75%;">l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The two declarations for arrays number and answer can be combined into a single declaration: </span></nobr></div> <div class="O1" style=""><!--[if ppt]--><span style="font-size: 78%; visibility: hidden;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -3.72%; font-size: 75%;">&#8211;</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div> <div class="O4" style=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><b>int number[100] , answer [25]; </b></span></div> </div> <br /><br /></div> </div> <p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"> </p:colorscheme> <div shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"> <div style="text-align: center;"><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"> </p:colorscheme></div> <div style="text-align: center;" shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"><b>Array Initialization<br /></b></span> <div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"></span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"></span></div> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> </div> </div> <p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"> </p:colorscheme> <div shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 156%;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -4.1%; text-align: left; top: 0.3em; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 75%;">l</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt;"></span></div></div> <p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#003366,#666699,#006666,#33cccc,#99cc99,#003366,#cc99ff"> </p:colorscheme> <div shape="_x0000_s1026" class="O"> <div style="text-align: justify;"><nobr><span style="font-size: 78%;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -4.96%; text-align: left; top: 0.3em; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 75%;">l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Arrays can give initial values during the declaration. This is called array initialization.. </span></nobr></div> <div style=""><!--[if ppt]--><span style="font-size: 78%; visibility: hidden;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -4.37%; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 75%;">l</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div> <div style=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="width: 11.58%;"> </span>int Array1[5]={25, 5, 7, 11, 163}; </span></div> <div style=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div> </div> <br /><br /><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"></span></div> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div> </div> <div style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div> </div> <div style=""><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div> </div> <div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>jjajjajjazz</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/learnings-of-week-mn-sison_20.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/learnings-of-week-mn-sison_20.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2009-01-20T06:44:00-08:00'>6:44&#8239;AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4264704831170127726/3805591982491341772' onclick=''> No comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-375560760'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4264704831170127726&postID=3805591982491341772&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='4264704831170127726' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='4008309740746606551' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='4008309740746606551'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/learnings-of-week-mn-sison.html'>LEARNINGS OF THE WEEK (M.N. SISON)</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-4008309740746606551' itemprop='description articleBody'> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family: courier new;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">We have discussed about programming:RECURSION<br />this is how we defined Recursion...<br /><br />RECURSION</span><br /></span></span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff"> </p:colorscheme><br /><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: black;"><span style="">It is the repetitive process by which a functions calls itself<span style=""> </span>is called recursion or circular definition. <o:p></o:p>This is a way of defining something in terms of itself. <o:p></o:p>A function is said to be recursive if a statement in the body of the function calls the function that contains it.</span></li> </ul> PARTS OF RECURSION:<br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><i><span style="color: black;">Base Case<o:p></o:p></span></i><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black;">-<span style=""></span></span> This is the part of the recursive function that is found on the if clause. This contains the condition that should be satisfied at one point of execution to terminate the repetitive process done by the recursive function.<br /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: center;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]-->General Case<span style="color: black;"><br /></span></p> <span style="color: black;">-</span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black;">This is the part of the recursive function that is found on the else-clause. This contains the function call of the recursive function to itself.<br /><br />KINDS OF RECURSION:<br /></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Direct Recursion</span>s are</span><span style="color: black;"> recursive functions that can call itself through a function call directly inside the body of the function. <o:p></o:p></span> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="display: none; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;">v<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Indirect recursions </span>are recursive functions that can call another functions outside its function.<br /><br /><br /></span><span style="color: black;"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family: courier new;"></span></span></div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>jjajjajjazz</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/learnings-of-week-mn-sison.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/learnings-of-week-mn-sison.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2009-01-20T06:32:00-08:00'>6:32&#8239;AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4264704831170127726/4008309740746606551' onclick=''> No comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-375560760'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4264704831170127726&postID=4008309740746606551&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Sunday, January 11, 2009</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='4264704831170127726' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='6133755200285552663' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='6133755200285552663'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/learning-of-week-paraiso.html'>RECURSION - Joannacel Paraiso</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-6133755200285552663' itemprop='description articleBody'> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #663333; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 180%;">RECURSION</span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> <ul style="color: #663333;"> <li><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff"> </p:colorscheme><div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 178%;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; left: -4.1%; position: absolute; text-align: left;">l</span></span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff"> </p:colorscheme><br /> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 178%;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; left: -4.1%; position: absolute; text-align: left;">l</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 85%;">The repetitive process by which a functions calls itself is called recursion or circular definition.</span></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff"> </p:colorscheme><div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 178%;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; left: -4.1%; position: absolute; text-align: left;">l</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 85%;">This is a way of defining something in terms of itself.</span></span></div> </div> </li> <li><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff"> </p:colorscheme><div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 178%;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; left: -4.1%; position: absolute; text-align: left;">l</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 85%;">A function is said to be recursive if a statement in the body of the function calls the function that contains it.</span></span></div> </div> </li> </ul> <span style="color: #663333; font-weight: bold;">Parts of recursive function<br /><br />**BASE CASE<br /> -</span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff" style="color: #663333;"></p:colorscheme><span style="color: #663333;"> </span><span style="color: #663333; font-size: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; left: -3.48%; position: absolute; text-align: left;"></span></span><span style="color: #663333; font-size: 85%;">This is the part of the recursive function that is found on the if clause. This contains the condition that should be satisfied at one point of execution to terminate the repetitive process done by the recursive function.</span><span style="color: #663333;"> </span><br /> <div shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div class="O1" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #663333; font-size: 27pt;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">**GENERAL CASE<br /> -</span></span></span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff" style="color: #663333;"></p:colorscheme><span style="color: #663333;"> </span><span style="color: #663333; font-size: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; left: -3.48%; position: absolute; text-align: left;"></span></span><span style="color: #663333; font-size: 85%;">This is the part of the recursive function that is found on the else-clause. This contains the function call of the recursive function to itself.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;"><example><br /></example></span></span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff" style="color: #663333;"> </p:colorscheme><br /> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div> <span style="color: #663333; font-size: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 85%;">factorial (int n)</span></span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff" style="color: #663333;"> </p:colorscheme><br /> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <span style="color: #663333;">{ </span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff" style="color: #663333;"> </p:colorscheme> <span style="color: #663333; font-size: 85%;"><br /> if (n == 1 || n == 0) return 1;</span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff" style="color: #663333;"></p:colorscheme><span style="color: #663333;"> </span><span style="color: #663333; font-size: 85%;"><br /> else return (n * factorial (n-1));<br />}<br /><br />If n value is 4 ,</span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff" style="color: #663333;"></p:colorscheme><span style="color: #663333;"> </span><span style="color: #663333; font-size: 85%;"> 4 * (factorial (4-1)<br />If n value is 3,</span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff" style="color: #663333;"></p:colorscheme><span style="color: #663333;"> </span><span style="color: #663333; font-size: 85%;"> 3 * (factorial (3-1)<br />If n value is 2, 2 * (factorial (3-1)<br />If n value is 1, 1<br /><br /><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff"> </p:colorscheme></span><br /> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div> <span style="color: #663333; font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-size: 85%;">factorial (int n)<br />{ </span></span><span style="color: #663333; font-size: 85%;"><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff"> </p:colorscheme></span> <span style="color: #663333; font-size: 85%;"><br /> if (n == 1 || n == 0) return 1;<br /> else return (n* factorial (n-1));<br />}<br /><br />Simplifying the Expression....<br /><br />4 * (factorial (4-1) = 24 general case<br />3 * (factorial(3-1) = 6 general case<br />2 * (factorial(2-1) = 2 general case<br />1 base case<br /></span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff" style="color: #663333;"> </p:colorscheme><br /> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026" style="color: #663333;"> <span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Therefore, the final return value when n=4 is 24.<br /></span></span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff"> </p:colorscheme><br /> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <span style="font-size: large;">Direct and Indirect Recursion</span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff"> </p:colorscheme><br /> <ul> <li>Direct recursions are cursive functions that can call itself through a functioncall directly inside the body of the function.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Indirect recursions are cursive functions that can call another functions outside the function.</li> </ul> <br /> <span style="font-size: 38pt;"> </span></div> </div> <br /> <span style="color: #663333; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"></span></span><br /> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20pt;"><br /></span></span></div> <br /> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div> <span style="color: red; font-size: 20pt;"> </span></div> </div> </div> </div> <br /> <p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff"> </p:colorscheme><br /> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><br /></span></span></div> <p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff"></p:colorscheme><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"></span></span><br /> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div> <span style="font-size: 24pt;"> </span></div> </div> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div> <span style="font-size: 24pt;"> </span></div> </div> <p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#ccccff,#d9d8ec,#6767ff,#9933ff"></p:colorscheme><span style="font-size: 24pt;"></span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt;"> </span> <br /> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div> <span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;"> </span></div> </div> <br /> <div class="O" shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div> <span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;"> </span></div> </div> </div> <br /></div> </div> <br /> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><br /></span> <div shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div class="O1" style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 27pt;"> </span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>jjajjajjazz</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/learning-of-week-paraiso.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/learning-of-week-paraiso.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2009-01-11T17:48:00-08:00'>5:48&#8239;PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4264704831170127726/6133755200285552663' onclick=''> No comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-375560760'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4264704831170127726&postID=6133755200285552663&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/search/label/Direct%20and%20Indirect%20Recursion' rel='tag'>Direct and Indirect Recursion</a>, <a href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/search/label/RECURSION' rel='tag'>RECURSION</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Saturday, January 10, 2009</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='4264704831170127726' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='7863011036705242307' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='7863011036705242307'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/recursion-navarra.html'>Recursion - Navarra</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-7863011036705242307' itemprop='description articleBody'> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 9"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 9"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/GateWay/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msoclip1/11/clip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:donotoptimizeforbrowser/> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} h1 {mso-style-next:Normal; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; page-break-after:avoid; 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text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;} @list l5:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:&#61656;; mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l6 {mso-list-id:1858736464; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:543730764 -10052516 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l6:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:39.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:39.0pt; text-indent:-.25in; mso-ansi-font-style:normal;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style> <p class="MsoNormal">Our Christmas vacation is over. It is already a new year, thus we are entering a new lesson. It is not totally new because it is still programming but the lesson is harder than our past lessons. Last time, we discuss only the different conditions but now, we are focusing on a program that consist two or more functions aside from the main function. Isn&#8217;t in difficult???</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Well, we have no choice but the study and remember the lessons that are being discussed to us because all of us want to pass this subject. <br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">RECURSION</span> is: <br /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:black;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;color:black;"><span style="">The repetitive process by which a functions calls itself<span style=""> </span>is called recursion or circular definition. <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;color:black;"><span style="">This is a way of defining something in terms of itself. <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;color:black;"><span style="">A function is said to be recursive if a statement in the body of the function calls the function that contains it. <o:p></o:p></span></li></ul> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:black;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:black;">Recursion also has its parts. And that are:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><i><span style="color:black;">Base Case<o:p></o:p></span></i><span style="color:black;"> <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color:black;">-<span style=";font-family:&quot;;font-size:7;" ></span></span> This is the part of the recursive function that is found on the if clause. This contains the condition that should be satisfied at one point of execution to terminate the repetitive process done by the recursive function. <br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <br /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;"><span style=";font-family:&quot;;font-size:7;" > </span></span><!--[endif]-->General Case<span style="color:black;"> <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color:black;">-</span><!--[endif]--><span style="color:black;">This is the part of the recursive function that is found on the else-clause. This contains the function call of the recursive function to itself. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <br /><span style="color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:black;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span><span style="color:black;">There is also two kind of recursion. Those are the Direct and Indirect Recursio<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:black;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> <ul><li><!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="color:black;">Direct Recursions are</span><span style="color:black;"> recursive functions that can call itself through a function call directly inside the body of the function. <o:p></o:p></span></li></ul> <ul><li><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="display: none;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;" >v<span style=";font-family:&quot;;font-size:7;" > </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color:black;">Indirect recursions are recursive functions that can call another functions outside its function.</span><span style="display: none;color:black;" ><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:black;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:black;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:black;">EXAMPLES:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:black;">1.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:red;" >factorial (int n)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:red;" ><span style=""> </span> <div style="">{<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:red;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style="">if (n == 1 || n == 0) return 1;<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:red;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style="">else return (n * factorial (n-1));<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:red;" ><span style=""> </span> <div style="">}<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style="">Simplifying the expression&#8230;&#8230;<span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style="">4 * (factorial (4-1)<span style=""> </span>= 24<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>general case<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style="">3 * (factorial (3-1)<span style=""> </span>= 6<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>general case<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style="">2 * (factorial (2-1)<span style=""> </span>= 2<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>general case<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span> <div style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>1<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>base case<o:p></o:p></span></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style=""><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:black;" >Therefore, the final return value when n=4 is 24. <o:p></o:p></span></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style=""><span style=""> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="display: none;color:black;" ><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> </span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:black;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:black;">2.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" >Give the output of the ff. program when the value entered for a=5.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span> <div style="">#include<stdio.h><o:p></o:p></stdio.h></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span> <div style="">main()<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span> <div style="">{ <o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style="">int a, b;<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style="">clrscr();<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span> <div style=""><span style=""> </span>printf(&#8220;Enter a value:&#8221;);<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style="">scanf(&#8220;%d&#8221;, &amp;a);<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style="">b= solve (a);<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style="">printf(&#8220;The new value is %d&#8221;, b);<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span> <div style="">getch();<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:10;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span> <div style="">}<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style=""><span style=""> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="color:black;">solve (int a)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="color:black;"></span></p></span></div> <div style="">{ <br /><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>if (a = = 1) return 2;<o:p></o:p><p></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black;"> <div style=""><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>else return (solve (a-1) + 2);<o:p></o:p></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="color:black;"> <div style="">}<b><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:9;color:black;" ><o:p></o:p></span></b></div></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="display: none;color:black;" ><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style=""> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="display: none;color:black;" ><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:black;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h1>The output is 10.</h1> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/10094272507180424860' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>jjajjajjazz</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/recursion-navarra.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://romznonzjaz.blogspot.com/2009/01/recursion-navarra.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' 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